Invertebrate Zoology Lecture Notes Ppt New

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MODULE 5: PROTOSTOME COELOMATES (ECDYSOZOA)

(Slides 23–30)

Slide 23: The Ecdysozoa Concept

• Animals that molt.
• Ecdysis: Shedding of the cuticle (exoskeleton) to grow.
• Covered in a tough, non-living cuticle (often chitinous).

Slide 24: Phylum Onychophora (Velvet Worms)

• "Missing link" between Annelids and Arthropods.
• Unjointed legs; slime glands for prey capture.

Slide 25: Phylum Arthropoda Overview

• Success Factors:
  1. Exoskeleton (Protection & leverage for muscles).
  2. Segmentation & Specialization (Tagmosis).
  3. Jointed Appendages.
• Open Circulatory System: Hemocoel (body cavity filled with blood).

Slide 26: Subphylum Chelicerata

• Characteristics: No antennae; Chelicerae (pincers/fangs); Body divided into Prosoma and Opisthosoma.
• Class Merostomata: Horseshoe crabs (Living fossils).
• Class Arachnida: Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks, Mites.
  • Feeding: Pedipalps and Chelicerae.

Slide 27: Subphylum Myriapoda

• Characteristics: Many legs; single pair of antennae; head and long trunk.
• Class Chilopoda: Centipedes; 1 pair legs per segment; venom claws (forcipules); carnivorous.
• Class Diplopoda: Millipedes; 2 pairs legs per segment (fused segments); herbivorous/ scavenger.

Slide 28: Subphylum Crustacea

• Characteristics: 2 pairs of antennae; Biramous (branched) appendages.
• Classes:
  • Malacostraca: Crabs, Lobsters, Shrimp (The major group).
  • Maxillopoda: Barnacles (sessile, hermaphroditic).
  • Copepoda: Planktonic crustaceans (vital for marine food webs).

Slide 29: Subphylum Hexapoda

• Characteristics: 6 legs; Head, Thorax, Abdomen.
• Class Insecta:
  • Adaptations for Success: Flight, Metamorphosis.
  • Mouthparts: Mandibles, proboscis, etc.
  • Development:
    • Ametabolous: No metamorphosis.
    • Hemimetabolous: Incomplete (Nymph -> Adult).
    • Holometabolous: Complete (Larva -> Pupa -> Adult).

Slide 30: Evolution of Flight & Metamorphosis

• Wings: Evolved from extensions of the exoskeleton (not legs).
• Metamorphosis: Allows larvae and adults to utilize different resources (avoids intraspecific competition).

Text Guidelines

• Minimal text – no paragraphs. Use short phrases (6–8 lines max per slide).
• Font: sans-serif (Arial, Calibri), 24–28 pt for body, 36–44 pt for titles.
• Bold key terms (e.g., torsion, metamerism, tagmosis).

Slide 14: Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes (Quick Reference)

| Feature | Protostomes | Deuterostomes | |---------|-------------|----------------| | Blastopore becomes | Mouth | Anus | | Cleavage | Spiral, determinate | Radial, indeterminate | | Coelom formation | Schizocoely | Enterocoely | | Examples | Arthropods, annelids, mollusks | Echinoderms, chordates |

2. Outline Slide (1 slide)

• Brief list: Introduction | Taxonomy & Key Features | Anatomy & Physiology | Ecology & Reproduction | Evolution & Phylogeny | Summary.

Slide 2 — Learning Objectives

• Define “invertebrate” and explain its scope
• Describe major phyla and their key features
• Compare body plans, symmetry, and body cavities
• Explain representative life cycles, feeding, and reproduction modes
• Relate ecological and economic importance