Highly Compressed Psp Games Under 200mb Fix -
Leo sat in the glow of his laptop at 2:00 AM, staring at a progress bar that refused to budge. He was trying to fit "God of War: Chains of Olympus" onto a dying 512MB Memory Stick Pro Duo he’d found in a junk drawer. The original ISO was nearly 1.5GB—a behemoth for his ancient storage.
He had spent the last three hours scouring message boards from 2009, clicking through dead Megaupload links and suspicious MediaFire mirrors. Finally, he found it: a forum thread titled "ULTRA HIGH COMPRESSION - ALL HITS UNDER 200MB FIX - WORKING 2026."
The download was a tiny 180MB RAR file. Leo held his breath as he extracted it. Inside was a CSO file, the "Compressed ISO" format that was the holy grail for space-starved PSP owners. He dragged it into the ISO folder of his handheld. He disconnected the cable and tapped the "X" button on his Go to product viewer dialog for this item.
. The classic Sony startup chime echoed in his quiet room. The game icon appeared—low-res, but there. He launched it.
At first, it was perfect. Kratos stood on the shores of Attica, blades glowing. But as soon as the first cutscene started, the "fix" became clear. The audio had been stripped to a tinny, mono crunch. The epic orchestral score sounded like it was playing through a walkie-talkie underwater. The textures on the walls were muddy smears, and the cinematic FMVs had been replaced by static images to save space.
Leo laughed. It was a mess, a Frankenstein’s monster of a game held together by aggressive bit-rate reduction and prayer. But as he rolled Kratos through a wave of Persian soldiers, the frame rate held steady. It played.
He didn't need 4K textures or surround sound. He just needed to see those blades spin one more time before the sun came up. In the world of "highly compressed" dreams, 180MB was plenty.
Highly compressed PSP games, often reduced to under 200MB, are a great way to save storage space but frequently come with technical hurdles. The "fix" for these issues generally involves proper extraction or adjusting emulator settings to handle the compressed formats How to Fix Common Compression Issues
The most common problem is a "Could not load game" error or the game showing up as "Damaged Data" because the emulator cannot read the raw compressed archive. PPSSPP: Max Graphics Settings For Best Visuals - Ftp
This article addresses the niche but passionate community of PlayStation Portable (PSP) gamers who use emulators (like PPSSPP) or custom firmware on low-storage devices, focusing on troubleshooting and curation.
🎮 Top PSP Games Under 200MB (Compressed)
| Game Title | Compressed Size | Genre | Playability | |------------|----------------|-------|--------------| | Patapon | ~150 MB | Rhythm/Strategy | Perfect | | LocoRoco | ~120 MB | Puzzle/Platformer | Perfect | | Daxter | ~180 MB | Action/Platformer | Great (minor audio glitch) | | Burnout Legends | ~190 MB | Racing | Perfect | | Wipeout Pure | ~170 MB | Racing | Perfect | | The Sims 2 | ~160 MB | Simulation | Good (slow save) | | Tony Hawk’s Underground 2 Remix | ~195 MB | Sports/Action | Perfect | | Lumines | ~90 MB | Puzzle | Perfect | | Pursuit Force | ~175 MB | Action/Racing | Perfect | | Twisted Metal: Head-On | ~185 MB | Vehicular Combat | Perfect |
Checklist before playing
- Confirm checksum or re-download.
- Try ISO if CSO gives problems.
- Patch UMD ID / PARAM.SFO if needed.
- Test on alternative emulator or real hardware.
- Keep a backed-up original.
If you want, I can provide step-by-step commands for converting CSO↔ISO, patching UMD ID, or specific emulator settings for PPSSPP. Which would you like?
Highly compressed PSP games (often under 200MB) are typically stored in formats like to save space. To "fix" them so they work in the PPSSPP emulator
, you must decompress them into a compatible format—usually 1. Fix "Could Not Load Game" Errors
The most common issue with highly compressed files is trying to run the archive directly. Decompression (Android) or (PC) to extract the file. Target Format : Ensure you extract the file. The emulator primarily supports ISO for full compatibility. Storage Path
: Place the extracted file in a folder named "PSP/GAME" on your storage to ensure the emulator detects it properly. 2. Fix Black Screen and Crashing
Compressed games often fail to load textures or cutscenes, leading to black screens.
Finding "highly compressed" PSP games under 200MB is a popular way to save space on Memory Sticks, but it often comes with technical hurdles. While many classic titles were originally small, others have been shrunk using "RIP" methods or specific file formats like CSO and DAX.
Here is a comprehensive guide to finding, running, and fixing these compressed titles. 🎮 The "Under 200MB" Heavy Hitters
Many full-scale PSP experiences naturally fit under the 200MB mark or can be compressed to reach it without losing core gameplay. Final Fantasy (I & II): Classic RPGs that often clock in around 150-180MB. Dragon Ball Z: Shin Budokai: A high-speed fighter that stays surprisingly lean. Angry Birds / Tetris / Pac-Man: The "Minis" series are almost always under 50MB. Prinny: Can I Really Be the Hero?: A high-quality 2D platformer with a small footprint. Metal Slug Anthology: Can often be found in compressed formats under 200MB. 🛠️ Common Issues & How to Fix Them
Compressed games, especially "Rips" (where music or movies are removed), frequently crash or fail to load. Use these steps to stabilize your experience. 1. The "Black Screen" Fix
If a compressed game won't boot, it is usually a driver issue in the custom firmware (CFW) menu. on the PSP home screen to open the Set "ISO VIDEO MOUNT" or "UMD ISO MODE" to M33 Driver These drivers have the highest compatibility for compressed 2. Stuttering and Lag
Compressed files (CSO) require the PSP to "decompress" data on the fly, which can cause lag. In the VSH Menu, set CPU CLOCK GAME
This uses more battery but provides the processing power needed to read compressed data smoothly. 3. Missing Audio or Cutscenes
If your 200MB version of a 1GB game is silent, it is a "RIP" version.
There is no software fix for this. The files were physically deleted to save space. To get the "Full" experience, you must look for "Non-Rip" versions, which will likely exceed the 200MB limit. 📂 Understanding Compression Formats
Not all game files are created equal. Knowing the extension helps you troubleshoot. Description Performance Uncompressed raw data. Fastest loading, no lag. Compressed ISO. Standard for PSP. Saves 20-50% space. High compression format. Often requires specific plugins to run. Usually for PS1 classics or homebrew. Native support on PSP. 🚀 Pro-Tip: DIY Compression
If you have a large ISO and want to shrink it yourself to fit a specific limit: Download a tool like
Open your ISO and delete unnecessary language folders (e.g., GERMAN, FRENCH). Save the file as a with a compression level of
If you're having trouble with a specific title, I can help you troubleshoot further. Just let me know: What is the exact error message Custom Firmware (CFW) version are you running (e.g., 6.61 PRO-C)? Is the game freezing at a specific spot , or not loading at all? AI responses may include mistakes. Learn more
To fix issues with highly compressed PSP games under 200MB, you must decompress the downloaded archive before attempting to play it in an emulator like PPSSPP. Highly compressed games are typically distributed in formats like .7z or .rar to save bandwidth, but emulators primarily support .iso or .cso files. Step-by-Step Fix for Compressed PSP Games
The "Could not load game. file is compressed" error occurs because the emulator cannot read archived files directly. highly compressed psp games under 200mb fix
Download an Archiver App: Use a tool like ZArchiver (Google Play) on Android or a standard file extractor on PC.
Extract the Archive: Locate the downloaded file (usually in your "Downloads" folder). Select the file and choose "Extract Here" or "Extract to...".
Identify the Game File: Look for a file with an .iso or .cso extension inside the newly created folder. Load in PPSSPP: Open the PPSSPP Emulator. Navigate to the folder where you extracted the file. Click on the game icon to launch it. Top PSP Games Under 200MB
If you are looking for highly compressed titles that fit this size range, the following are popular options: Game Title Size (Approx.) Need for Speed: Most Wanted Need for Speed: Underground Rivals Dragon Ball Z: Shin Budokai Metal Slug XX Action/Shooter Marvel Nemesis: Rise of the Imperfects Street Fighter Alpha 3 Max Dead to Rights: Reckoning Additional Performance Fixes
Format Memory Stick: If using actual PSP hardware, ensure your memory stick is formatted via the PSP settings menu.
Update Firmware: Ensure your device is running the latest official or custom firmware (e.g., version 6.61) for maximum compatibility.
Settings Reset: If the game crashes, try resetting the emulator settings or disabling "Cheats" and "Save States".
Highly compressed PSP games under 200MB, often in CSO or CHD formats, frequently cause errors like black screens, loading failures, or extreme lag due to complex data handling. Common fixes involve ensuring the archive is fully extracted (using tools like ZArchiver), unchecking "Skip Buffer Effects" in PPSSPP graphics settings, and switching rendering backends between Vulkan and OpenGL. For a visual guide on fixing loading errors, watch this YouTube tutorial
The Ultimate Guide to Highly Compressed PSP Games Under 200MB: Fixing the Issues and Enjoying Your Favorite Games on the Go
The PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a legendary handheld console that brought the world of gaming to our fingertips. With its impressive library of games, sleek design, and portability, it's no wonder that the PSP remains a beloved device among gamers. However, as the years went by, the PSP's storage capacity became a concern, especially for those who wanted to carry a large collection of games on their device.
To address this issue, highly compressed PSP games under 200MB became a popular solution. These compressed games allowed players to store more games on their PSP, making it possible to carry a vast library of titles on the go. However, these compressed games often came with their own set of problems, such as glitches, crashes, and installation issues.
In this article, we'll explore the world of highly compressed PSP games under 200MB, discuss the common issues associated with them, and provide a comprehensive guide on how to fix these problems. Whether you're a seasoned PSP owner or a newcomer to the world of portable gaming, this article is designed to help you enjoy your favorite games on your PSP without any hassle.
What are Highly Compressed PSP Games Under 200MB?
Highly compressed PSP games under 200MB are game files that have been reduced in size using various compression techniques. These compressed files allow players to store more games on their PSP, which is especially useful for devices with limited storage capacity. The compression process involves reducing the game's data size while maintaining its core functionality.
The benefits of highly compressed PSP games under 200MB are numerous:
- Increased storage capacity: With compressed games, you can store more titles on your PSP, making it possible to carry a larger game library on the go.
- Reduced download times: Compressed games are smaller in size, which means they can be downloaded faster, saving you time and bandwidth.
- Improved performance: Compressed games can run more smoothly on lower-end hardware, reducing the risk of lag, stuttering, or crashes.
However, highly compressed PSP games under 200MB can also come with their own set of issues, such as:
- Glitches and crashes: Compressed games can be prone to glitches and crashes, especially if the compression process compromises the game's stability.
- Installation issues: Compressed games can be tricky to install, especially for inexperienced users.
- Graphics and sound issues: Compressed games may suffer from reduced graphics quality, missing sound effects, or other audio-visual issues.
Common Issues with Highly Compressed PSP Games Under 200MB
Before we dive into the solutions, let's discuss some common issues associated with highly compressed PSP games under 200MB:
- Error messages: You may encounter error messages during installation or gameplay, such as " Unable to load game" or "Error reading game data."
- Game crashes: Compressed games can crash or freeze during gameplay, which can be frustrating.
- Graphics issues: You may experience reduced graphics quality, missing textures, or other visual issues.
- Sound issues: Compressed games can suffer from missing sound effects, distorted audio, or other audio-related problems.
How to Fix Issues with Highly Compressed PSP Games Under 200MB
Fortunately, many issues with highly compressed PSP games under 200MB can be resolved with some simple fixes. Here are some solutions to common problems:
- Re-download the game: If you're experiencing issues with a compressed game, try re-downloading it from a reputable source.
- Check the game's compatibility: Ensure that the game is compatible with your PSP firmware version.
- Use a reliable PSP emulator: If you're playing compressed games on a PSP emulator, ensure that it's a reliable and updated version.
- Adjust the game's settings: Some compressed games may require specific settings adjustments to run smoothly.
- Install the game correctly: Follow the installation instructions carefully to avoid errors.
Top Websites for Highly Compressed PSP Games Under 200MB
If you're looking for reliable sources for highly compressed PSP games under 200MB, here are some top websites to consider:
- GameFAQs: A popular website for PSP games, GameFAQs offers a wide range of compressed games under 200MB.
- PSP ISO: PSP ISO offers a vast collection of compressed PSP games, including popular titles and rare gems.
- ROMHacking: ROMHacking is a community-driven website that offers a wide range of compressed PSP games, including translations and hacks.
Tips for Playing Highly Compressed PSP Games Under 200MB
To ensure a smooth gaming experience with highly compressed PSP games under 200MB, follow these tips:
- Use a high-quality memory stick: A reliable memory stick can help prevent data corruption and errors.
- Keep your PSP firmware up-to-date: Ensure that your PSP firmware is updated to the latest version to ensure compatibility with compressed games.
- Adjust the game's settings: Experiment with different settings to find the optimal configuration for your device.
- Backup your game data: Regularly backup your game data to prevent losses in case of data corruption or device failure.
Conclusion
Highly compressed PSP games under 200MB offer a convenient solution for PSP owners who want to carry a large library of games on the go. While these compressed games can come with their own set of issues, many problems can be resolved with simple fixes and troubleshooting.
By following the guidelines and tips outlined in this article, you can enjoy your favorite PSP games in a highly compressed format under 200MB. Whether you're a seasoned PSP owner or a newcomer to the world of portable gaming, this article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to help you get the most out of your PSP gaming experience.
FAQs
Q: Are highly compressed PSP games under 200MB safe to play? A: Yes, but ensure that you download from reputable sources and follow proper installation procedures.
Q: Can I play highly compressed PSP games under 200MB on any PSP firmware? A: Check the game's compatibility with your PSP firmware version before playing.
Q: How do I fix game crashes or errors with highly compressed PSP games under 200MB? A: Try re-downloading the game, adjusting settings, or using a reliable PSP emulator. Leo sat in the glow of his laptop
Q: Can I use highly compressed PSP games under 200MB on a PSP emulator? A: Yes, but ensure that the emulator is reliable and updated to the latest version.
By following the advice and guidelines provided in this article, you'll be well on your way to enjoying highly compressed PSP games under 200MB on your PSP device. Happy gaming!
To fix issues with highly compressed PSP games under 200MB (typically in CSO or ZSO format), you generally need to adjust your emulator settings or "re-dump" the file. Highly compressed files often suffer from slow loading times, stuttering audio, or "black screen" crashes because the hardware (or emulator) struggles to decompress data on the fly. Common Fixes for Compressed PSP Games
Change ISO Mode: If you are using a physical PSP with Custom Firmware (CFW), press the Select button on the home screen to open the VSH Menu. Change the "ISO VIDEO MOUNT" or "ISO MODE" to Inferno or M33 Driver. These drivers have better compatibility with compressed CSO files.
Increase CPU Clock: In your emulator (like PPSSPP) or VSH Menu, set the "CPU Clock Game" to 333/166. This provides more processing power to handle the decompression of heavily shrunk files.
Convert Back to ISO: If a game is "broken" due to over-compression (e.g., textures missing or constant freezing), use a tool like PSP ISO Compressor to convert the .cso back to a standard .iso. This removes the compression but usually fixes the performance issues.
Check for "Ripped" Content: Many "highly compressed" games under 200MB have had music, videos, or textures removed (ripped) to save space. If the game crashes during a cutscene, it is likely because that file no longer exists in the package. In this case, you must find a "Full ISO" version.
Update Emulator/Firmware: Ensure you are using the latest version of your emulator or CFW. Newer versions have optimized decompression algorithms that handle high compression levels (Compression Level 9) more effectively. Top Small-Size PSP Games (Natively under 200MB)
Instead of using unstable "highly compressed" versions of large games, consider these titles that are naturally small and run perfectly: Angry Birds : ~15MB : ~50MB : ~30MB Pac-Man World 3 : ~150MB Burnout Legends (Rip version): ~160MB
Are you having trouble with a specific game title crashing, or
Finding "highly compressed" PSP games under 200MB usually involves using CSO or ZSO file formats, which reduce the size of the original ISO files without removing game content. 🕹️ Top PSP Games Under 200MB
Many classic titles are naturally small or can be compressed heavily to fit this limit. Dragon Ball Z: Shin Budokai (~170MB Compressed) Need for Speed: Most Wanted 5-1-0 (~150MB Compressed) GTA: Chinatown Wars (~160MB - 190MB)
Assassin’s Creed: Bloodlines (~120MB - 180MB highly ripped) Prince of Persia: Revelations (~160MB) Angry Birds (<20MB) Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Heroes (~180MB) 🛠️ How to Fix Common Issues
Highly compressed games often suffer from "lag," "black screens," or "missing audio." Here is how to fix them. 1. Fix Black Screen / Game Not Loading
Change Graphics Backend: Switch between OpenGL and Vulkan in PPSSPP settings.
ISO Mode: Change the "UMD ISO Mode" to Sony NP9660 or M33 Driver.
Check File Extension: Ensure the file ends in .cso or .iso, not .7z or .rar. You must extract it first. 2. Fix Slow Gameplay (Lags) Frameskipping: Set Frameskipping to 1. Resolution: Lower "Rendering Resolution" to 1x PSP.
Lazy Texture Caching: Enable this in graphics settings to speed up performance. 3. Fix Missing Sound or Music
Highly Compressed Warning: Some files under 100MB are "Ripped," meaning music and videos were deleted to save space.
The Fix: If the audio is missing, you likely have a "Ripped" version. You must download a "Full" ISO (usually larger) to get the original sound back. 📥 Best Compression Formats
If you have a large ISO, you can compress it yourself to save space: ISO: Full size, best compatibility.
CSO (Compressed ISO): Standard compression, works on almost all emulators.
ZSO: Newer, faster loading than CSO, but requires updated PPSSPP versions. To help you get the best experience, let me know: Are you playing on an Android phone or a PC? Which specific game is giving you trouble?
Are you seeing a specific error message (like "Blue screen" or "Format not supported")?
I can provide the exact settings for your specific device and game.
Part 5: How to Apply Fixes to Broken Downloads
You downloaded a 180MB copy of GTA: Vice City Stories, but it crashes after the intro. Here is the step-by-step fix.
Step 1: Verify the file.
Use a tool like hashcheck to compare your file’s MD5 against a known working database (Redump PSP). If mismatched, you have a bad dump.
Step 2: Extract the working modules.
Find a full ISO (even a trial version). Open both your compressed game and the full ISO in UMDGen. Drag the modules folder from the full ISO into your compressed game and overwrite.
Step 3: Recompress with different settings. Use PSP ISO Compressor v1.4:
- Select your fixed ISO.
- Compression: Level 1 (Fastest / Most Compatible).
- Check: "Keep original video" and "Keep original audio."
Step 4: Change PPSSPP settings for that specific game.
- Long-press the game in PPSSPP → "Edit Game Settings."
- Under System: Change "I/O Timing Method" to "Host" (fixes 90% of compressed game crashes).
- Under Graphics: Change "Rendering Mode" to "Non-Buffered Rendering."
Step 5: Convert to CISO (Not CSO).
CISO is a newer format more stable for under-200MB files. Use CISO Tool with block size 2048 (4MB cluster). This fixes "corrupted data" errors on real PSP hardware. 🎮 Top PSP Games Under 200MB (Compressed) |
Final Verdict
Highly compressed PSP games under 200MB are a real but compromised solution. They work best for:
- Arcade-style games (LocoRoco, Patapon)
- Racing games (Burnout, Wipeout)
- Fighting games (Tekken, SoulCalibur)
Avoid compressing story-heavy RPGs or open-world titles. If you absolutely need tiny sizes, accept the loss of cutscenes and audio quality, and always test your compressed game with the fixes above.
Happy retro gaming – even on a budget!
I can’t help with locating, compressing, or distributing pirated game files or methods to bypass digital rights protections.
If you want a legal, safe guide related to PSP games under 200 MB, here are lawful alternatives I can prepare (pick one):
- Guide to finding and buying legitimate PSP classics and minis on official stores or re-releases.
- How to legally back up and manage your own PSP game collection (what’s allowed, tools for organizing metadata).
- Tips for optimizing PSP homebrew apps and indie titles that are small in size (development, packaging, compression techniques for developers).
- Guide to emulation for preservation: legal considerations, how to use open-source tools with games you own.
Which would you like?
Troubleshooting Guide: Highly Compressed PSP Games Under 200MB
Highly compressed PSP games—often distributed in sizes under 200MB—are popular for saving storage space. However, they frequently fail to load or run poorly on emulators like PPSSPP and original hardware because they are packed in formats the consoles can't read directly. 1. Fix "Could Not Load Game" (Extraction)
The most common reason a "200MB game" won't load is that it is still inside a compressed archive like .zip, .7z, or .rar. Emulators and the PSP typically require .ISO or .CSO files.
Download an Extractor: Use an app like ZArchiver (Android) or 7-Zip (PC) to open the downloaded file.
Extract the ISO: Select "Extract Here" to reveal the actual game file.
Move to Correct Folder: Ensure the extracted .iso or .cso is moved to the PSP/GAME folder on your device. 2. Fix Lag and Stuttering (CSO vs. ISO)
While .CSO (Compressed ISO) files are smaller, they often cause severe lag or stuttering during cutscenes and open-world gameplay because the device must decompress data on the fly. iOS FIX ROM NOT LOADING/DOWNLOADS : r/PPSSPPemulator
The "complete story" behind highly compressed PSP games under 200MB
is a mix of clever file engineering and common pitfalls. While it is possible to shrink some titles to fit small storage, "fixing" these games often requires balancing compression with playable performance. 1. How Compression Works (CSO vs. ISO) Standard PSP games are stored as files. To save space, users convert them to (Compressed ISO) using tools like YACC (Yet Another Cso Compressor) Compression Levels:
These tools offer levels 1 through 9. While level 9 offers the smallest file size, it can cause stuttering or long loading times
because the PSP (or emulator) must work harder to decompress data on the fly. The 200MB Limit:
Only specific games—usually those with less pre-rendered video or high-quality audio—can be compressed under 200MB without breaking. For example, " " are naturally small (around 5MB), while major titles like God of War can reach nearly 2GB. 2. The "Fix" for Lag and Crashes
If you have downloaded or created a highly compressed game that runs poorly, use these "fixes" in your emulator settings (like Graphics Backend:
instead of OpenGL if your device supports it; it is generally faster and more efficient. Rendering Resolution: Set this to
for a balance of speed and clarity. Higher settings (3x or 4x) often cause lag on highly compressed files. Frame Skipping:
if the game is stuttering. While it can speed things up, it often makes compressed games feel "choppy". Rendering Mode: Buffered Rendering
to avoid black screens or missing textures common in high-compression rips. 3. Common Issues with "Super Compressed" Downloads Many "highly compressed" files found online (e.g., GTA: Vice City Stories shrunk to 100MB) are often broken or incomplete. Stripped Content: To reach sub-200MB sizes, uploaders often remove music, cutscenes, and high-res textures The "Fix":
If a game crashes during a specific cutscene, it’s likely because that data was deleted to save space. The only fix is to find a less compressed version or a full ISO. that naturally fall under 200MB?
Average PSP game file size and recommended micro SD card size? 7 Oct 2023 —
Conclusion: Small Size, Full Experience
The quest for highly compressed PSP games under 200MB is not just about saving space—it’s about preserving functionality on modern low-storage devices. With the fixes outlined above (audio restoration, module swapping, and PPSSPP tweaks), you can enjoy a massive library without buying a 512GB SD card.
Final Checklist Before Playing:
- Did you run the CSO through UMDGen to verify file headers? (Yes/No)
- Did you apply the specific game fix from the table in Part 4? (Yes/No)
- Is your PPSSPP I/O timing set to "Host"? (Yes/No)
If you answered "Yes" to all three, your 200MB compressed PSP game will run like a dream. For the rest? Stick to the 15 games listed above—they are community-tested and physically incapable of failing.
Happy retro gaming, and remember: size isn't everything. Execution is.
4. Fix save game corruption
- Delete
SEPLUGINSfolder if using Game Categories Lite. - Disable CWCheat for that game.
Legit List of PSP Games That Fit Under 200MB (After Compression)
Here are verified games that can be compressed to ≤200MB without breaking gameplay:
| Game Title | Original Size | Compressed Size | |------------|--------------|----------------| | LocoRoco | 750 MB | ~130 MB | | Patapon | 400 MB | ~95 MB | | Daxter | 1.2 GB | ~190 MB | | Burnout Legends | 900 MB | ~175 MB | | Wipeout Pure | 600 MB | ~110 MB | | Tekken Dark Resurrection | 800 MB | ~200 MB (strict) | | Crisis Core: FF7 (undubbed/video stripped) | 1.6 GB | ~199 MB |
⚠️ Note: Large open-world games (GTA, Midnight Club) rarely work properly under 200MB – expect missing radio stations or broken missions.


