The Curse of the Illicit Script: Understanding the "Cursed Child Bootleg UPD" Phenomenon
The world of theater has always been a realm of magic, where stories come alive on stage and captivate audiences worldwide. One of the most anticipated and celebrated productions in recent years has been "Harry Potter and the Cursed Child," a two-part stage play that continues the story of J.K. Rowling's beloved Harry Potter series. However, with great success comes great temptation, and the rise of illicit bootlegs, particularly the "Cursed Child Bootleg UPD," has become a pressing concern for the theater community.
What is a Bootleg?
For those unfamiliar with the term, a bootleg refers to an unauthorized copy or recording of a live performance, such as a play or concert. These illicit recordings are often made without the permission of the creators, producers, or performers, and are then distributed through various channels, including online platforms and black markets. Bootlegs can take many forms, including audio recordings, videos, and even written transcripts.
The Rise of the "Cursed Child Bootleg UPD"
The "Cursed Child Bootleg UPD" specifically refers to unauthorized recordings or scripts of the play "Harry Potter and the Cursed Child," which have been circulating online and through underground networks. The UPD likely stands for "updated" or "unofficial draft," suggesting that these bootlegs are often incomplete, edited, or otherwise altered versions of the original work.
The phenomenon of the "Cursed Child Bootleg UPD" can be attributed to the immense popularity of the play, which has drawn millions of fans worldwide. The temptation to experience the story again or to access the script without attending a live performance has proven too great for some, leading to a proliferation of illicit recordings and scripts.
The Consequences of Bootlegging
The impact of bootlegging on the theater industry cannot be overstated. When a live performance is recorded or transcribed without permission, the creators and producers lose control over their intellectual property. This can lead to a range of negative consequences, including:
The Battle Against Bootlegging
To combat the spread of bootlegs, the theater industry has implemented various measures, including:
The Community's Role in Preventing Bootlegging
While the industry can take steps to prevent bootlegging, the community also plays a vital role in combating this issue. Here are some ways audiences can help:
Conclusion
The "Cursed Child Bootleg UPD" phenomenon serves as a reminder of the ongoing battle against bootlegging in the theater industry. While the temptation to access illicit recordings or scripts can be great, it is essential to consider the consequences of these actions. By working together, the industry and the community can protect the integrity of live performances and ensure that the magic of theater continues to captivate audiences for years to come.
UPD (Update): As the situation with bootlegging continues to evolve, it is essential to stay informed about the latest developments and best practices for preventing the spread of illicit recordings and scripts. By staying vigilant and working together, we can preserve the art of theater and ensure that productions like "Harry Potter and the Cursed Child" continue to inspire and captivate audiences worldwide.
The Quest for the Cursed Child: Navigating the World of Bootlegs
Finding a high-quality "bootleg" (unauthorized recording) of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
is a notorious challenge for fans who can't make it to the West End or Broadway. With the play celebrating its 10th anniversary in London and shifting to a new one-part format as of October 2026, the landscape for these recordings is constantly changing. The Different Versions You’ll Encounter
Because the play has been staged globally and revised multiple times, not all recordings are equal:
Original London (Two-Part): Historically, these are the hardest to find in good quality. A few early recordings exist, but they are often grainy or filmed from poor angles.
Original Broadway Cast: Widely considered the "gold standard" for collectors. These feature the seven principal actors from the London cast during their Broadway run and generally offer much better visual quality.
The "Scorbus" Update: Fans often hunt for "Year 6" London recordings (starting mid-2022) because they incorporate script changes that lean more into the relationship between Albus and Scorpius.
The Condensed One-Part Show: Recent Broadway and San Francisco runs are often the single-play version, which has about 30 minutes of footage cut compared to the original two-night experience. How the Trading Community Works
In the world of musical theater "boots," you rarely just find a download link. Most high-quality videos are governed by "NFT" (Not For Trade) dates set by the "master" (the person who filmed it).
NFT Dates: A recording might be "NFT until July 2026," meaning collectors aren't allowed to share it until that date passes.
Trading vs. Gifting: Most rare copies are "trade only." You usually need to have your own collection of other shows to swap with someone else to get a copy of Cursed Child.
The Ethics of Sharing: Some fans and former sharers have recently stopped circulating these videos to avoid supporting the franchise due to controversies surrounding J.K. Rowling. Community Perspectives
Fans often debate whether it's better to stick with the original cast recordings or seek out newer ones with better "chemistry."
“The Albus/Scorpius have amazing chemistry, and they at least look like they could be students.” Reddit · r/BootlegGifts · 5 months ago
“I'd stick with one of the older Broadway or San Francisco boots, made before they chopped half an hour out of it for the national tour.” Reddit · r/BootlegGifts · 5 months ago Where to See the Real Thing
If you're tired of blurry videos and looking for the full magical experience, the play is currently active in several major cities. Expand map
#bootleg cursed child | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs - Tumgik
Hi so after months of deliberation, I have made the decision to stop circulating the Harry Potter and The Cursed Child Bootleg. I'
In the context of the Broadway and theater fandom, "cursed child bootleg upd" refers to an updated, fan-made script or recording of the stage play Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
. These "bootlegs" (often called "slime tutorials" on social media to avoid copyright detection) are highly sought after by fans wanting to track recent script changes. Context and Recent Updates Version Changes
: The production has evolved from a two-part theatrical event (approx. 5 hours total) into a condensed one-part show (under 3 hours) in most global markets, including Broadway and the West End. Script Revisions
: Fans often look for "updated" bootlegs to see significant plot and character adjustments, particularly regarding the relationship between Albus Potter and Scorpius Malfoy, which has been made more explicitly intimate in newer iterations. The "Good Paper" Reference
: While not a formal term, this likely refers to a high-quality transcript or "paper" version of the script found in niche communities like
Here are a few options for the text, depending on where you are posting this (e.g., a fan forum, social media, or a file description). cursed child bootleg upd
Note: Please be aware that sharing or requesting unauthorized recordings of theatrical productions violates copyright laws and the rights of the creators.
As of 2025, there is no official pro-shot of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child. However:
Until an official release drops, the hunt for “cursed child bootleg upd” will continue—a shadow script written by fans in pixels, peril, and patience.
To understand the current obsession, you have to go back to the source. For a long time, the only visual evidence of the original London cast (the "OG Trio" of Jamie Parker, Sam Clemmett, and Noma Dumezweni) was a grainy, low-quality video often referred to in trading circles simply as "the upd" or simply "the bootleg."
It wasn’t a professional DVD rip. It was the theatrical equivalent of the Zapruder film—shaky camcorder work, muffled audio, and heads bobbing in the foreground. Yet, for the starved fanbase, it was gold. It proved that the magic translated to the stage.
Unlike Broadway blockbusters with open-caption performances or pro-shots, Cursed Child maintains extreme visual secrecy. The production relies on stage magic, illusion, and special effects that are intentionally hidden from pre-show publicity. Warner Bros. and Sonia Friedman Productions have pursued aggressive anti-recording measures:
As a result, circulating Cursed Child bootlegs are often incomplete, shaky, or recorded from extreme angles. An “UPD” promises a less painful viewing experience—hence its viral magnetism.
So, is there actually a new update?
The short answer is: Sort of, but mostly no.
Most "upd" threads currently circulating are not new high-definition leaks. Instead, they are usually one of three things:
Title: Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (Updated Bootleg)
Description: This is an updated upload of the fan-recorded video of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (Original London Cast / Broadway transfer).
Video:
Audio:
Notes: Re-uploaded due to DMCA takedown on the previous file. This is the full show in two parts. If you enjoy the show, please support the official production by buying the script or official merchandise.
Disclaimer regarding Bootlegs: While I have provided draft text as requested, I have not included any actual links or file sources. Sharing unauthorized recordings of plays is generally considered copyright infringement. If you are a fan looking to experience the show legally, the Official Rehearsal Edition Script is available for purchase worldwide.
A desperate theater archivist uncovers a "cursed" bootleg recording of a lost Cursed Child
performance that brings the play's darkest magical elements into the real world, forcing them to find the original uploader before the final scene plays out in reality. Characters Leo Thorne:
A cynical archivist who runs a digital black market for rare theater recordings.
A young, obsessed fan who uploaded the "UPD" (update/file) that started it all. The Director:
An enigmatic figure who seems to know what happens in the video before it plays. Plot Outline 1. The Setup (The Upload)
Leo specializes in high-quality bootlegs, but he has a rule: never deal with haunted media
. Maya, a brilliant but naive editor, sends him a file labeled CC_UPD_Final_Final.vob
. She claims she recorded it at a "secret, midnight-only" performance in a boarded-up theater in London. She insists it’s not just a recording, but a "living" document. 2. The Inciting Incident (The Cursed Watch)
Leo watches the file. It’s chaotic. During a scene where Scorpius Malfoy uses the Time-Turner, Leo’s apartment shifts—his furniture rearranges itself into the Hogwarts library. He realizes the bootleg isn't just film; it's a conduit. The magic of the play is being uploaded into the physical world. 3. Rising Action (The Viral Spread)
Leo tries to delete the file, but it propagates across his servers, uploading itself to torrent sites. He tracks down Maya, who is now paralyzed by fear. She explains that the secret performance she filmed was a ritual—an attempt to perform an unedited, darker version of the script that was supposedly destroyed. The actors weren't acting; they were possessed by the characters. 4. The Climax (The Final Performance)
The "UPD" goes viral, and fans across the globe watching it begin to experience the curse. Real-world locations are transforming. Leo and Maya realize they must find the original, physical bootleg tape (the "master") and destroy it in the abandoned theater during the "final scene" of the performance, which is playing out at 3:00 AM. 5. Resolution
They reach the theater. It is a terrifying nexus of magic. Leo finds the master tape playing on an old projector. Just as the cursed "Albus Potter" on screen tries to finalize the spell, Leo destroys the projector.
The magic stops. The city returns to normal. Leo and Maya are left in the silent, ruined theater. Leo gives up the bootleg trade, having learned that some stories are cursed for a reason. The Price of Fandom: The danger of taking a story too far. Digital Immortality: How content never truly dies, even if it should. The Magic of Theater: How stories can feel "alive" and real.
I notice you’re asking about a “bootleg” of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child. I can’t provide or help locate unauthorized recordings (bootlegs) of the show, as they infringe on copyright and the creators’ rights.
However, if you’re trying to revisit or experience the play, here are legal alternatives:
Finding a "bootleg" (often referred to as a "slime tutorial" in online communities) for Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
can be complex due to the show's multiple versions—the original two-part marathon and the revised one-part production. 1. Identify the Version You Want
The play exists in several distinct forms. Knowing which one you are looking for will narrow your search:
Original Two-Part Version: The full 5+ hour experience divided into two separate shows. This is the version most common in London’s West End and older recordings.
Revised One-Part Version: A condensed ~3.5 hour version created for the Broadway and North American tour productions.
Updated 2025/2026 Version: Recent Broadway performances now feature high-profile cast members like Tom Felton as Draco Malfoy. 2. Where to Look
Direct links are rarely hosted on major public sites for long due to copyright removals. Instead, use these community-driven hubs:
I’m unable to create an article that promotes or provides access to unauthorized recordings (bootlegs) of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child or any other copyrighted production. Bootlegs violate the rights of the creators, actors, and crew who work to bring the show to life. The Curse of the Illicit Script: Understanding the
However, I’d be glad to help you write a legitimate, high-quality article about Cursed Child — for example:
Let me know which angle you’d prefer, and I’ll write a polished, original piece for you.
The most significant update for 2026 is the transition of the London production from its original two-part format to a condensed, single-show version.
Final Performances: The original five-hour, two-part play is scheduled to close at London's Palace Theatre on September 20, 2026.
New One-Part Version: A shortened version (approximately 175 minutes) will premiere on October 9, 2026, bringing the West End production in line with Broadway and other international tours.
Bootleg Demand: This transition has sparked a surge in "upd" searches as fans scramble to find bootlegs of the original two-part London show before it disappears, while simultaneously tracking new recordings of the condensed version. The "Scorbus" Update and Script Changes
A primary driver for bootleg updates is the evolving portrayal of the relationship between Albus Potter and Scorpius Malfoy, often referred to by the fan-name "Scorbus".
Romantic Leanings: Recent updates to the production have shifted their dynamic from a platonic "bromance" to a more explicitly romantic connection.
Key Scene Alterations: Bootlegs from late 2025 and 2026 highlight new lines where Albus calls Scorpius "the most important person" in his life. In some performances, actors have added subtle physical cues, such as Albus leaning in as if for a kiss.
Removed Elements: To accommodate the shorter runtime, several subplots—including many scenes with Hagrid, Rose Granger-Weasley's romantic interest in Scorpius, and portions of Delphi's arc—have been cut or significantly reduced. Tom Felton’s Broadway Debut
Tom Felton Extends Broadway Run in Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Through November 2026
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child theatrical experience is currently undergoing a major transition. If you are looking for the best "feature" or way to experience the show right now, you should prioritize seeing the original two-part production before it is permanently replaced. 🎭 The Ultimate "Feature": The Two-Part Experience
The West End production in London is the last location to stage the original two-part play The two-part version will officially close on 20 September 2026 The Change: It will reopen as a streamlined one-part production 9 October 2026
, matching the versions already running on Broadway and on tour. Why see it now:
The one-part version cuts several elements to reduce runtime, including all dream sequences young Harry Potter child track, and Lily Luna Potter's
track. Fans often prefer the two-part format as it doesn't feel rushed and allows for more character depth. ✨ Top Theatrical Highlights
Regardless of the version, these features consistently receive the highest praise from audiences: Stage Illusions & Special Effects:
The play is renowned for "mind-bending" magic tricks that serve the story rather than just being spectacles. Key effects include the Time-Turner sequences and the "incredible" that fly over the audience. Character Chemistry: The relationship between Albus Potter Scorpius Malfoy is widely considered the heart of the show. Immersive Atmosphere:
Many theatres, like the Broadway and London venues, feature interactive lobby exhibits, themed snacks, and immersive decor that make it a full-day event. 🎬 What's Next for the Franchise? Experience Harry Potter and the Cursed Child in Los Angeles 19 Mar 2025 —
The search for a "cursed child bootleg upd" often refers to the latest updates regarding high-quality audience recordings (bootlegs) of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, particularly following major production changes in 2025 and 2026. While "bootlegs" are illegal recordings made by audience members, many fans use them to track recent script updates, such as the revised Albus/Scorpius relationship or the transition from the original two-part play to a condensed one-part version. Understanding the "Cursed Child Bootleg UPD"
In the theater community, "UPD" usually signifies an update on available footage or a specific updated version of the show. As of early 2026, several key updates are circulating:
The Condensed One-Part Version: Most global productions, including Broadway and the North American tour, now perform a shortened 3.5-hour version rather than the original 5-hour, two-part experience.
Revised Relationship Dynamics: Newer recordings are highly sought after because they reportedly feature a more open-ended, romantic interpretation of the relationship between Albus Potter and Scorpius Malfoy compared to the original 2016 script.
Tom Felton's Draco Malfoy: A major recent update involves the Broadway run of Tom Felton (the original film actor for Draco Malfoy), which began in late 2025 and has been extended through November 1, 2026. Current Production & Cast Updates (2026)
If you are looking for the "latest" version of the show, it is currently running in several major cities. The West End (London) production is notably ending its original two-part run on September 20, 2026, to reopen as a one-part production on October 9, 2026.
Broadway (NYC): The current production at the Lyric Theatre features the shortest runtime yet at 2 hours and 55 minutes.
North American Tour: Shows are scheduled for the Hollywood Pantages Theatre (through June 2025) and the National Theatre in Washington, D.C. (starting July 2025). Movie Rumors and Misinformation
Because the play underwent significant script revisions and cuts—specifically to the "dream sequences" and certain Albus/Scorpius interactions—fans began documenting these "patched" or "updated" versions through unofficial transcripts and recordings (often colloquially called "slime tutorials"). Key Components of this "Piece"
The Script Revision: These updates track which scenes were removed or shortened to fit the new one-part format.
The Scorbus Context: A major focus of these updates is documenting "queerbaiting" or "queer coding" moments between Albus and Scorpius that fans feel were altered in newer versions of the script.
The "Bootleg" Culture: In the theatre world, "bootleg upd" usually signifies a "latest version" of a fan-shot recording or a comprehensive master-list of available footage shared on platforms like Tumblr or Reddit.
Note: Sharing or downloading actual bootleg recordings violates copyright laws and the terms of the production. Most public "upd" posts function as directories or change-logs rather than direct hosting sites for the footage itself.
The Curse of the Illicit Script: Understanding the Cursed Child Bootleg UPD
The theatrical world was abuzz when the two-part play, Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, first premiered in London's West End in 2016. The story, written by Jack Thorne, John Tiffany, and Jeremy Herrin, was an instant hit, captivating audiences with its magical world and complex characters. However, as with many popular productions, bootlegged versions of the script began to circulate, leaving the creative team and producers frustrated. This article will explore the phenomenon of the Cursed Child bootleg upd (update) and its implications on the entertainment industry.
The Birth of the Bootleg
The Cursed Child bootleg upd refers to unauthorized, illegally copied, and often modified versions of the script that have been shared online or exchanged through underground networks. These pirated scripts often contain updates, edits, or additions not found in the original, officially published version. This illicit exchange of creative content not only deprives the creators of their intellectual property rights but also taints the artistic vision they intended to share with the world.
The Impact on the Creative Team
The leak of the Cursed Child script was a significant blow to the creative team. Jack Thorne, the playwright, expressed his dismay and disappointment at the situation, emphasizing the importance of protecting intellectual property. The unauthorized dissemination of the script not only compromised the integrity of the story but also potentially influenced audience expectations and perceptions of the play.
The emotional investment and tireless efforts of the cast, crew, and creative team were essentially rendered moot by the actions of script pirates. When a work of art is shared without permission or compensation, it diminishes the value of the creators' labor and creativity. This concern extends beyond the financial implications, as the leakage of story elements and plot twists can fundamentally alter the audience's experience. Loss of Revenue : By distributing unauthorized recordings
The Fight Against Piracy
The entertainment industry has long been plagued by piracy, with script theft and bootlegging being significant concerns. Producers, writers, and other stakeholders have joined forces to combat this problem, employing various strategies to protect their work.
One approach involves tightening security around scripts and rehearsals. For example, scripts may be distributed in a limited capacity, with only select individuals granted access. Rehearsals may also be closed to the public or closely monitored to prevent unauthorized recording or documentation.
Another tactic involves tracking and monitoring online activity. With the rise of social media and online forums, the dissemination of pirated content can spread rapidly. Companies and individuals have begun to utilize digital tools to scan and report pirated material, making it more difficult for bootleggers to operate undetected.
The Value of Legitimate Engagement
Beyond the fight against piracy, it is essential to emphasize the value of engaging with artistic content through legitimate channels. By attending a live performance or purchasing an official script, audiences not only support the creative team but also become part of a shared experience.
The Cursed Child has been praised for its innovative storytelling, technical achievements, and emotional resonance. By experiencing the play through official channels, audiences can appreciate the nuances of the performance, the set design, and the actors' interpretations of their characters.
Updates and Evolution
The Cursed Child bootleg upd often contains changes, edits, or additions not present in the original script. While these updates may seem insignificant, they can alter the narrative's trajectory and tone. For instance, early leaks of the script revealed pivotal plot points, potentially diminishing the surprise and impact for audiences who had not been exposed to the spoilers.
The unauthorized circulation of updated scripts also raises questions about authorship and creative control. When a work is altered without permission, it challenges the notion of a fixed narrative and artistic vision. This gray area can blur the lines between creator and audience, creating confusion about who owns the story.
The Bigger Picture
The Cursed Child bootleg upd phenomenon highlights the more significant issue of intellectual property rights in the digital age. As technology continues to advance and sharing becomes increasingly effortless, the protection of creative content becomes more pressing.
The entertainment industry, as a whole, must continue to adapt and develop strategies to safeguard intellectual property. This involves balancing the desire for artistic expression with the need for commercial viability.
Moreover, audiences play a crucial role in upholding the value of creative content. By choosing to engage with artistic works through legitimate channels, they directly support the creative team and contribute to the continued production of innovative and captivating stories.
The Future of Storytelling
The Cursed Child bootleg upd serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of respecting intellectual property rights. As the entertainment industry continues to evolve, it is vital that creators, producers, and audiences work together to protect artistic content.
Innovative technologies and distribution methods can help make creative content more accessible while preserving its value. Moreover, raising awareness about the consequences of piracy and the benefits of legitimate engagement can help shift audience behavior.
The world of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child is rich with magic and wonder. By choosing to experience this story and others through official channels, audiences become an integral part of the creative journey, ensuring that the art of storytelling continues to thrive.
Conclusion
The Cursed Child bootleg upd represents a microcosm of the broader challenges faced by the entertainment industry in the digital age. As creative content continues to be shared and consumed in new and innovative ways, it is essential that stakeholders prioritize intellectual property protection.
By understanding the implications of piracy and the value of legitimate engagement, audiences can contribute to a future where artistic expression continues to flourish. As we look to the future of storytelling, it is vital that we recognize the importance of respecting creative content and the individuals who bring it to life.
The "Cursed Child bootleg" (often referred to in the fan community as a "slime tutorial") refers to unauthorized recordings of the stage play Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
. There is a significant community effort to find and share these, especially for the "reimagined" one-part version now standard on Broadway and in most global productions. Current Bootleg Status & Distribution
Availability: Most bootlegs are circulated via platforms like TikTok, Tumblr, and specialized Reddit communities like r/BootlegGifts.
The "One-Part" Search: There is high demand for recordings of the updated 3.5-hour single-part version. Most older bootlegs feature the original two-part, five-hour production.
Ethical Debate: Some prominent fans have recently stopped circulating links, citing a desire to boycott the franchise due to the author's controversial public statements. Differences in the "Updated" One-Part Version
Fans often seek the updated bootlegs to see what was changed when the show was shortened from two parts to one:
Major Cuts: Over 90 minutes of content was removed. Notable omissions include Harry’s nightmares, several young child roles, and Hagrid’s appearance in 1981.
Character Arc Changes: In the one-part version, Albus often stays in Slytherin during the second timeline to emphasize his bond with Scorpius, whereas he briefly became a Gryffindor in the original.
Pacing: Reviewers on Reddit note that dialogue delivery feels significantly faster to fit the new runtime. Notable Production Highlights (as seen in recordings)
Script Changes: Plays like "The Cursed Child" often undergo script changes, which can be due to a variety of reasons including character development, pacing issues, or to better align with the overall narrative of the Harry Potter series.
Unofficial or Fan Content: The term "bootleg" might refer to unofficial adaptations or updates created by fans. These can range from scripts that reimagine the story to actual performances that aren't sanctioned by the creators or rights holders.
Production Changes: Sometimes, productions of plays undergo changes in casting, set design, or even storyline elements over time. These changes can sometimes be mistaken for "updates" or "bootlegs," especially if they involve significant alterations.
If you have a more specific question about "The Cursed Child" or are referring to something else entirely, could you provide more details? That way, I can offer a more targeted and helpful response.
No discussion of bootlegs is complete without acknowledging the harm. Cursed Child is a union production (Equity, Actors’ Equity). Unauthorized recordings:
That said, fans argue bootlegs preserve ephemeral performances (e.g., original cast members like Jamie Parker or Noma Dumezweni) and make the play accessible to those who cannot afford $200+ tickets or travel to London, NYC, Melbourne, or Hamburg.
In the sprawling digital underworld of theatrical fandom, few search terms carry as much desperate hope and quiet controversy as “Cursed Child bootleg UPD.” To the uninitiated, it looks like a typo or a code. To fans hungry for a glimpse of the two-part stage epic, it represents a grail: an updated, circulating unauthorized recording of one of the most closely guarded live performances in modern theater history.
But what does “UPD” actually mean? Where do these recordings come from? And why does the Cursed Child bootleg market operate so differently from that of, say, Hamilton or Wicked?
If you are looking for a pristine, 4K Blu-ray quality rip of the original Cursed Child cast, the "cursed child bootleg upd" search will likely leave you disappointed. The phantom update is usually just the same old ghost haunting a new server.
But if you are willing to squint through pixelated darkness to catch a glimpse of Scorpius Malfoy’s original wig or Jamie Parker’s tear-jerking performance in "The Staircase Ballet," the "upd" community is still out there, trading links like contraband in the dungeons of the internet.
Just be careful what you click—and maybe keep your antivirus software handy. The internet can be a cursed place, after all.
