Atlas Of Pediatric And Adolescent Gynecology Pdf [hot] (2027)

⭐⭐⭐⭐ (4.5/5 Stars) – A Visual Masterclass in a Niche Field

Review Title: Essential Visual Guide for a Difficult-to-Teach Subject

Reviewed by: Pediatric Resident / OB/GYN Rotation

If you work in pediatrics, family medicine, or emergency medicine, you know that pediatric and adolescent gynecology cases can be anxiety-inducing. Conditions like labial adhesions, lichen sclerosus, ambiguous genitalia, or vaginal foreign bodies are rare enough that you don’t see them daily, but common enough that you need to recognize them quickly.

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (PDF) solves that problem exactly as an atlas should: with pictures.

What works exceptionally well:

• High-Quality Images: This is not a text-heavy book. The full-color clinical photos and diagrams are sharp, well-labeled, and appropriately sensitive. Seeing a photo of a hydrometrocolpos versus an imperforate hymen makes the diagnosis instantly memorable.
• Rare Anomalies: The PDF shines in covering congenital anomalies (Müllerian anomalies, disorders of sexual differentiation). The intraoperative photos and imaging correlations are gold for surgical planning.
• Adolescent Focus: Beyond young children, the atlas covers PCOS, endometriosis in teens, contraceptive device placement, and vulvar dermatoses—topics often glossed over in general textbooks.
• PDF Usability: The digital format is searchable (e.g., type "labial agglutination" and you're there), which is a lifesaver during a busy clinic day. The zoom function lets you inspect lesions closely.

What could be better:

• Text is Sparse: Don't buy this as your only resource. It's an atlas, so treatment algorithms and pathophysiology are brief. You'll still need a companion textbook like Emans, Laufer, & Goldstein's Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology for detailed management.
• PDF Limitations: Some older scanned versions have lower resolution images. Make sure you get a genuine, high-quality PDF (not a grainy photocopy), otherwise you lose the entire point of an atlas.

Verdict:
Highly recommended for anyone who examines children and teens. Keep this PDF on your phone or tablet for quick reference. It turns "I'm not sure what that is" into "I recognize this—I've seen the atlas photo."

Best for: Pediatricians, Family Medicine MDs, Pediatric Gynecologists, ER docs, Nurse Practitioners, Medical Students on rotation.

Not ideal for: Someone looking for a comprehensive treatment guide (this is purely diagnostic morphology).

Would I buy it again? Yes. A visual atlas is non-negotiable for this specialty, and the PDF format makes it accessible. Just ensure your source is legitimate to get the image quality you're paying for.

Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology , particularly the second edition, is a comprehensive clinical textbook designed to bridge the gap between general pediatrics and adult gynecology. It is highly regarded by medical professionals for its focus on the unique physiological and psychological needs of young female patients. Amazon.com Key Features and Content Visual Documentation : The second edition features approximately 450 high-quality color images and illustrations

, replacing the black-and-white photos of the previous edition. This includes 2D and 3D ultrasound images and detailed diagrams of actual clinical cases. Clinical Scope : The book is organized into 19 chapters

, beginning with an introduction to normal genitalia and specialized examination techniques for children. Core Topics Covered Developmental abnormalities and sonography.

Puberty-related issues, including precocious or delayed puberty.

Menstrual dysfunctions and conditions like polycystic ovarian disease (PCOS). Gynecologic tumors and teenage pregnancy.

Endoscopy and surgical considerations in pediatric patients. Amazon.com Target Audience

The atlas is primarily intended for a multidisciplinary audience involved in the care of girls and young women: Medical Professionals

: Gynecologists, pediatricians, general practitioners, and surgeons. Academic Use

: Medical students, postgraduate trainees, and specialists (PAG fellows) who need to deepen their diagnostic skills. Educational Resource

: Parents and even the patients themselves can benefit from the clear illustrations to better understand specific health conditions. NAST Philippines Why It Is Recommended

Reviewers highlight its ability to simplify complex medical information into understandable formats, making it a practical daily guide. The collaborative effort of specialists in fields ranging from urology to adolescent medicine ensures that the guidance is evidence-based and holistic, addressing not just medical symptoms but also the psychological trust-building required in pediatric care. webicdn.com Product Details for Reference Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Editors/Authors Corazon Yabes-Almirante et al. Global Rating 4.5 out of 5 stars from reviewers on specific clinical protocols mentioned in the atlas, or are you looking for information on where to legally access a copy of this textbook? Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: 9789350256411

Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology serves as a critical diagnostic tool in clinical practice, utilizing high-quality color photographs and 3D imaging to distinguish conditions like adhesive vulvitis from normal genitalia. It provides essential, evidence-based visual guidance for treating conditions ranging from prepubertal labial adhesions to adolescent reproductive anomalies. For more details, visit JaypeeDigital PubMed Central (PMC) (.gov) Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology - 123Library

The book has 19 chapters. The first chapter deals with normal genitalia and examination techniques in female pediatric patient. 123Library PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT GYNECOLOGY

Labial Adhesions (Adhesive Vulvitis) Labial adhesions are most common in young girls between 2 and 6 years of age. Doc Ina Ob Gyne

Pediatric and adolescent gynecology's specialized care ... - PMC

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology is a foundational clinical reference designed to guide practitioners through the unique physiological and pathological landscape of female reproductive health from infancy through late adolescence. Unlike adult gynecology, this subspecialty requires a nuanced understanding of developmental stages, estrogenization levels, and age-specific examination techniques. Core Focus and Clinical Importance

Pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) addresses conditions that often differ significantly from those in adults in terms of pathogenesis and required treatment. The second edition of this atlas provides a comprehensive visual guide featuring nearly 450 color images, including 2D and 3D ultrasound pictures, to illustrate actual clinical cases.

Key reasons for specialized clinical focus in this field include:

Unique Pathologies: Addressing congenital malformations, neonatal ovarian cysts, and childhood-specific infections like vulvovaginitis or labial adhesions. atlas of pediatric and adolescent gynecology pdf

Developmental Milestones: Monitoring normal and abnormal pubertal development, including precocious and delayed puberty.

Specialized Examination: Utilizing techniques appropriate for children, such as the "frog" or knee-elbow position, to ensure a painless and non-traumatic experience. Key Topics Covered in the Atlas

The atlas is structured across 19 chapters, moving from normal physiological foundations to complex medical and surgical conditions.

Emans, Laufer, Goldstein's Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

This guide outlines the clinical fundamentals and visual diagnostic standards found in leading resources like the Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

. Pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) is a specialized field that blends pediatrics, reproductive endocrinology, and urology to address conditions unique to developing patients. 1. Clinical Examination Techniques

Examining young patients requires a trauma-informed, developmentally appropriate approach. The goal is to obtain information without causing fear.

Positions: Infants and toddlers are often best examined in a "frog-leg" position on a parent's lap. Older children may use the knee-chest or side-lying position.

Visual Inspection: Use gentle lateral traction of the labia majora to view the vestibule and hymen. Avoid Lateral stretching, as it can cause discomfort.

Special Tools: An otoscope or a nasal speculum may be used for internal visualization in prepubertal girls, as standard specula are often too large and traumatic.

Sample Collection: Use saline-moistened swabs rather than dry ones to avoid pain and mucosal bleeding in non-estrogenized tissue. 2. Common Prepubertal Conditions

The lack of estrogen in young girls makes the vulvovaginal tissue thin and sensitive, leading to specific pediatric pathologies. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology - AccessMedicine

Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: A Vital Resource for Healthcare Providers

Introduction

Pediatric and adolescent gynecology is a specialized field that focuses on the reproductive health and well-being of young girls and adolescents. As these individuals navigate the challenges of puberty and adolescence, they require access to accurate and age-specific healthcare information. The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology is a valuable resource that provides healthcare providers with a comprehensive visual guide to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of gynecological conditions affecting this vulnerable population. This paper aims to review the significance and utility of the Atlas, highlighting its role in promoting optimal care and health outcomes for pediatric and adolescent patients.

Importance of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

The adolescent years are marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes. During this period, young individuals may experience a range of gynecological issues, including menstrual disorders, vulvovaginal conditions, and reproductive health concerns. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (NASPAG) emphasize the importance of specialized care in addressing the unique needs of this age group.

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: An Overview

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology is a richly illustrated resource that provides a detailed and systematic approach to the evaluation and management of gynecological conditions in young patients. The Atlas features a wide range of topics, including:

1. Anatomy and Physiology: Detailed illustrations of the female reproductive system, highlighting normal anatomy and physiological changes during puberty.
2. Menstrual Disorders: Coverage of common menstrual irregularities, such as dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and abnormal uterine bleeding.
3. Vulvovaginal Conditions: Discussion of vulvovaginal infections, including candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
4. Reproductive Health: Information on contraception, sexual health, and prevention of STIs.

Key Features and Benefits

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology offers several key features that make it an invaluable resource for healthcare providers:

1. Visual Aids: The Atlas is richly illustrated with photographs, diagrams, and charts, facilitating easy comprehension of complex concepts.
2. Clinical Pearls: Practical tips and advice for diagnosis, treatment, and management of various gynecological conditions.
3. Case Studies: Real-life examples and case studies that illustrate common clinical scenarios and promote critical thinking.
4. Current Guidelines and Recommendations: Aligns with the latest guidelines and recommendations from ACOG, NASPAG, and other reputable organizations.

Impact on Patient Care and Health Outcomes

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology has the potential to positively impact patient care and health outcomes in several ways:

1. Improved Diagnostic Accuracy: The Atlas's detailed illustrations and clinical pearls can aid healthcare providers in accurately diagnosing and managing gynecological conditions.
2. Enhanced Patient Education: The resource can facilitate effective communication between healthcare providers and patients, promoting health literacy and informed decision-making.
3. Increased Confidence among Healthcare Providers: The Atlas can help healthcare providers feel more confident in their ability to address the unique needs of pediatric and adolescent patients.

Conclusion

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology is a vital resource for healthcare providers who care for young girls and adolescents. By providing a comprehensive and visually engaging guide to gynecological conditions, the Atlas promotes optimal care and health outcomes for this vulnerable population. As the field of pediatric and adolescent gynecology continues to evolve, the Atlas will remain an essential tool for healthcare providers seeking to deliver high-quality, patient-centered care.

References:

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020). Guidelines for adolescent health care.
• North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. (2020). NASPAG guidelines for clinical care.

You can download the pdf from various online sources or purchase the book from a medical bookstore or online retailer. The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology is a comprehensive resource that can benefit healthcare providers, medical students, and researchers in the field of pediatric and adolescent gynecology.

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (2nd Edition) is a comprehensive medical reference edited by Corazon Yabes-Almirante, Franklin P. Atencio, and Blanca C. de Guia. It serves as a visual and clinical guide for managing gynecological conditions in infants, children, and adolescents.  Key Features of the Atlas  ⭐⭐⭐⭐ (4

Visual Documentation: Contains nearly 450 color images and illustrations, including detailed 2D and 3D ultrasound pictures to assist in diagnosing actual cases.

Comprehensive Coverage: Spans 19 chapters covering everything from normal development to complex pathologies.

Multidisciplinary Approach: Incorporates expertise from pediatric urologists, adolescent medicine specialists, and surgeons.

Digital Resources: Some editions include a CD-ROM with video clips of surgical procedures and downloadable clinical charts/forms.  Core Topics and Chapter Overviews 

The atlas is structured to follow the developmental stages of the female patient: 

Examination & Basics: Chapters 1 and 2 cover normal genitalia, specialized pediatric examination techniques (like the separation and traction technique), and the application of sonography.

Developmental Abnormalities: Chapters 3 and 4 focus on abnormalities in development and differentiation, including Müllerian anomalies.

Puberty and Hormonal Disorders: Chapters 6–8 address normal puberty, delayed puberty, and menstrual dysfunctions such as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).

Surgical & Specialized Care: Includes detailed guides on gynecologic tumors, endoscopy, and reconstructive surgery of the genital tract.

Social & Preventive Health: Covers teenage sexuality, pregnancy, and contraceptive counseling.  Target Readership 

This resource is designed for a broad range of professionals and students, including: 

Medical Students and Trainees deepening their knowledge in the subspecialty.

Pediatricians and General Practitioners who are often the first point of contact for these patients.

Gynecologists and Surgeons specializing in pediatric reproductive health.  Where to Access 

You can find the atlas through professional medical publishers and major book retailers: 

Official Publisher: Available digitally via JaypeeDigital for comprehensive online access.

Major Retailers: Detailed listings and samples are available on Amazon (Kindle and Print) and Google Books.  Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: 9789350256411

Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Authors: Siri L. Joshi, Sampada P. Ojha, Shrestha Shrestha Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Year: Approximately 2017 (based on common editions)

1. Normal Developmental Variations

• Neonatal estrogen effects (physiologic leukorrhea, breast buds).
• Prepubertal anatomy (thin, erythematous vulvar skin).
• Tanner Staging (breast and pubic hair development with photographic examples).

Supplementary resources to pair with the atlas

• ACOG Committee Opinions and Practice Bulletins (adolescent gynecology topics).
• Pediatric & adolescent medicine textbooks for growth/maturation context.
• Clinical guidelines for sexual assault care, confidentiality, and vaccination in adolescents.
• Imaging protocols: pediatric pelvic ultrasound and MRI technique guides.

What this atlas typically contains

• Anatomy & development: neonatal, prepubertal, pubertal, and adolescent genital anatomy with high-resolution images and labeled diagrams.
• Clinical images: external genitalia, vulvovaginal conditions, congenital anomalies, hymenal variants, adnexal masses.
• Diagnostic procedures: explanations and step-by-step photos for pelvic exam techniques appropriate by age, speculum/adaptations, EUA (examination under anesthesia), and imaging correlation (US, MRI).
• Common conditions: vulvovaginitis, lichen sclerosus, labial adhesions, ovarian cysts/torsion, menstrual disorders, STIs in adolescents, and trauma/forensic considerations.
• Surgical techniques: operative photos, instrument selection, pediatric dosing, and minimally invasive approaches tailored for children and teens.
• Case studies & pearls: real-world cases, differential diagnoses, management algorithms, and follow-up guidance.
• Patient communication & consent: age-appropriate counseling, assent vs consent, confidentiality, and safeguarding resources.
• Reference tables: growth/maturation charts, drug dosing, imaging criteria, and emergency triage tips.

3. Strengths of the PDF Format

• Searchability: Instantly find “imperforate hymen” or “condyloma acuminata” without flipping indexes. Crucial in urgent/ED settings.
• Zoom Function: In the print version, small findings (e.g., a pinpoint microperforate hymen) can be missed. The PDF allows 200-400% zoom on high-resolution images.
• Portability: Entire atlas on a tablet or phone. Many clinicians keep it on an encrypted, password-protected device for bedside consultation.
• Hyperlinks: Cross-references between related topics (e.g., “see Plate 4.2 on labial agglutination” is a clickable link).

Licensing and distribution notes

• Obtain consent and anonymization for all clinical photos.
• Include citation guidance and copyright notice for reuse.

If you’d like, I can:

• Draft a detailed table of contents with chapter-level bullet points, or
• Create one sample chapter (e.g., Imperforate Hymen) in full, formatted for PDF. Which would you prefer?

Title: Essential Resource Review: The "Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology" (PDF Guide for Clinicians)

Meta Description: Exploring the value of the Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology PDF. A visual guide for diagnosing rare conditions in young patients. Learn about its clinical applications and why it’s a must-have reference.

Slug: /atlas-pediatric-adolescent-gynecology-pdf

Introduction

When you are treating a 7-year-old with unexplained vaginal bleeding or a 15-year-old with an obstructed Mullerian anomaly, textbooks often fall short. You need high-resolution, annotated images to compare against what you are seeing in the clinic or operating room.

For decades, the Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology has been the gold-standard visual reference for clinicians. In this post, we review why this atlas—and specifically its accessible PDF format—has become a critical tool for trainees and specialists alike.

What is the Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology?

Unlike a standard gynecology textbook that focuses on adult pathology, this atlas is dedicated entirely to the unique anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the female reproductive tract from infancy through young adulthood.

The most current editions (including the 2nd Edition, edited by Dr. Joseph S. Sanfilippo and team) provide a comprehensive, image-heavy walkthrough of: High-Quality Images: This is not a text-heavy book

• Normal developmental milestones (Tanner staging visualized)
• Congenital anomalies of the reproductive tract
• Pediatric vulvovaginal disorders (lichen sclerosus, labial adhesions)
• Precocious and delayed puberty
• Adolescent contraception and bleeding disorders
• Gynecologic tumors in children (sacroccygeal teratomas, ovarian masses)

Why the PDF Version Matters for Modern Practice

Many clinicians search for the "Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology PDF" not just for convenience, but for practical necessity.

1. Point-of-Care Access: You can keep the PDF on a tablet or laptop in the exam room. When a rare rash or anatomical variation presents, you can flip to the comparative image immediately without leaving the patient.
2. Searchable Text: PDFs allow you to search for specific terms (e.g., "hymenal bump" or "vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma") in seconds—much faster than a physical index.
3. Teaching Tool: Residents and medical students can zoom in on histopathology slides and surgical diagrams without degrading image quality.
4. Remote Consultation: In telemedicine, providers can screen-share diagrams from the PDF to explain diagnoses to anxious parents.

Key Sections Every Clinician Should Bookmark

If you obtain a copy (legally via your institutional library or purchase), here are the top three chapters to review first:

• Chapter 4: Vulvovaginal Disorders: This section contains clinical photos of contact dermatitis, psoriasis, and lichen sclerosus in prepubertal girls—conditions often misdiagnosed as sexual abuse.
• Chapter 7: Congenital Anomalies: The surgical schematics for imperforate hymen, transverse vaginal septum, and OHVIRA syndrome are unmatched in clarity.
• Chapter 12: Ovarian Masses: A visual algorithm for distinguishing simple functional cysts from solid malignant tumors in adolescents.

A Critical Note on "Free PDF" Searches

You will find many websites offering a "free download" of the Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology PDF. Proceed with caution. Many of these sites contain corrupted files, outdated editions (e.g., the 2004 edition, which misses a decade of HPV vaccine changes), or potential malware.

Legitimate access options include:

• SpringerLink (publisher for the 2nd edition)
• AccessObGyn (McGraw-Hill Medical)
• Your institutional library (university/hospital subscription)
• Google Books (limited preview, but useful for specific diagrams)

If you are a trainee on a budget, check if your program offers a clinical key subscription, which provides legal PDF access to the entire atlas.

How to Use This Atlas to Improve Patient Care

A picture is worth a thousand words, but in pediatric gynecology, a picture is worth a correct diagnosis. For example:

• Scenario: An 8-year-old with chronic "vaginal discharge."
• Without atlas: Treat empirically for infection.
• With atlas: Compare exam findings to the plate on foreign body in the vagina (often a wad of toilet paper). Recognize the classic purulent, bloody discharge. Proceed to vaginoscopy with confidence.

This atlas reduces referral times and unnecessary biopsies by giving general pediatricians the visual confidence to diagnose benign conditions.

Final Verdict

While no PDF replaces hands-on preceptorship, the Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology is the next best thing. It transforms abstract descriptions into concrete visual memories. For anyone rotating through a pediatric ER, adolescent clinic, or gynecology service, this PDF deserves a permanent spot on your digital bookshelf.

Call to Action

Do you own a copy of this atlas? Share your favorite diagram or clinical pearl in the comments below. And if you’re a residency program director, consider ensuring your trainees have legal PDF access to this essential resource.

Disclaimer: This blog post is for educational purposes. Always consult the latest official medical guidelines and obtain textbooks through legitimate, paid channels to respect copyright laws.

Title: A Comprehensive Review of the Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: A Vital Resource for Healthcare Providers

Introduction

Pediatric and adolescent gynecology is a specialized field that focuses on the reproductive health and well-being of girls from infancy to adolescence. As these young patients navigate various stages of development, they may encounter a range of gynecological issues that require sensitive and expert care. The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology is a valuable resource that provides healthcare providers with a comprehensive visual guide to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of gynecological conditions in this age group. This paper aims to review the atlas and highlight its significance in the field of pediatric and adolescent gynecology.

Overview of the Atlas

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology is a detailed and extensively illustrated resource that covers a wide range of topics related to gynecological care in pediatric and adolescent populations. The atlas is organized into sections that address various aspects of gynecological health, including:

1. Anatomy and Physiology: The atlas begins by reviewing the normal anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system, providing a foundation for understanding the complexities of gynecological health in pediatric and adolescent populations.
2. Gynecological Examination: The atlas provides guidance on performing a gynecological examination in pediatric and adolescent patients, including techniques for obtaining a thorough medical history and conducting a physical examination.
3. Vulvovaginal Disorders: This section covers a range of vulvovaginal conditions that are common in pediatric and adolescent populations, including vulvovaginitis, labial adhesions, and imperforate hymen.
4. Menstrual Disorders: The atlas addresses various menstrual disorders that affect pediatric and adolescent populations, such as primary amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and abnormal uterine bleeding.
5. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): The atlas provides information on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of STIs in pediatric and adolescent populations, highlighting the importance of early detection and intervention.

Key Features and Benefits

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology offers several key features and benefits that make it an essential resource for healthcare providers:

1. Comprehensive Visual Guide: The atlas is extensively illustrated with photographs, diagrams, and charts, providing a clear and concise visual guide to gynecological conditions and procedures.
2. Practical and Easy to Use: The atlas is designed to be practical and easy to use, allowing healthcare providers to quickly access information and guidance on a range of gynecological topics.
3. Up-to-Date Information: The atlas provides up-to-date information on the latest diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, ensuring that healthcare providers are equipped with the most current knowledge and skills.
4. Multidisciplinary Approach: The atlas takes a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating insights and perspectives from pediatricians, gynecologists, and other healthcare professionals.

Conclusion

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology is a valuable resource that provides healthcare providers with a comprehensive visual guide to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of gynecological conditions in pediatric and adolescent populations. Its practical and easy-to-use format, combined with its up-to-date information and multidisciplinary approach, make it an essential tool for healthcare providers working in this specialized field. As the field of pediatric and adolescent gynecology continues to evolve, the atlas will remain a vital resource for healthcare providers seeking to provide high-quality care to their patients.

References

• [Insert references cited in the paper]

Download PDF

The Atlas of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology PDF can be downloaded from various online sources, including medical libraries, academic databases, and online bookstores. Healthcare providers and students are encouraged to access this valuable resource to enhance their knowledge and skills in pediatric and adolescent gynecology.